Open access and the FAIR data principles have become widely accepted norms in scientific research. Nowadays, however, they are increasingly challenged from the viewpoints of equity and sustainability. This shift is particularly evident in the context of personal genomes, where compliance with laws and privacy regulations is becoming stricter. It is worth remembering that during the Human Genome Project, all data were made fully open without restriction. A similar tightening of restrictions may arise across other areas as basic science becomes more intertwined with society. We have been accustomed to the idea that genetic information should be freely accessed without limitation, but this condition is actually exceptional when compared to other research fields. In many disciplines, beneficiary liability is the standard, raising the critical question of whether genetic information should be a public good for the sake of education and welfare. Moreover, data sovereignty is becoming a dominant concern, and the CARE principles are now frequently cited alongside FAIR in international forums. In this talk, I will introduce the challenges facing traditional open access principles and discuss how we can maintain academic freedom regarding genetic resources.